Food and Nutrition

Biography

Biography: Muhammad Usman

Abstract

The aims of presentation consist of malnutrition, malnourishment, youth of the world, were studied and reported that malnutrition and malnourishment are the major source of the disease and death of the youth of the world like South Asia particularly in Pakistan.The study reported that malnutrition is the lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat. It was also reported that malnutrition is a group of conditions in children and adults generally related to poor quality or insufficient quantity of nutrient intake, absorption, or utilization. According to WHO, Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients. The term malnutrition covers 2 broad groups of conditions. One is ‘undernutrition’—which includes stunting (low height for age), wasting (low weight for height), underweight (low weight for age). The other one is micronutrient deficiencies or insufficiencies (a lack of important vitamins and minerals). The other is overweight, obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases (such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and cancer) The WHO, 462 million people worldwide are malnourished, and stunted development due to poor diet affects 159 million children globally. WHO also reported that malnutrition is the gravest single threat to global public health. Globally, it contributes to 45 percent of deaths of children aged under 5 years. This study will focus mainly on undernutrition. Many families cannot afford or access enough nutritious foods like fresh fruit and vegetables, legumes, meat and milk, while foods and drinks high in fat, sugar and salt are cheaper and more readily available, leading to a rapid rise in the number of children and adults who are overweight and obese, in poor as well as rich countries. There are two major types of malnutrition:

• Protein-energy malnutrition - resulting from deficiencies in any or all nutrients
• Micronutrient deficiency diseases - resulting from a deficiency of specific micronutrients

Protein-energy malnutrition consist of three types of protein-energy malnutrition in children like i. Acute malnutrition (Wasting Thinness) ii. Chronic malnutrition  (Stunting shortness) iii. Acute and chronic malnutrition (Under weight). Similarly another study reported about the malnourishment showed that when someone's malnourished, they don't get enough to eat. Beyond simply being hungry, someone who's malnourished doesn't get the nutrients they need to be healthy. In other words, malnourishment –means lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat and not eating enough of the right things. In a very simple word malnourished person suffers from malnutrition.  If someone is malnourished, the signs and symptoms of malnutrition include: i. fatigue (tiredness) and low energy. ii. dizziness. iii. poor immune function (which can harm the body's ability to fight off infections), iv. dry, scaly skin. v. swollen and bleeding gums, vi. decaying teeth. During this study, the role of the major sign and symptom of malnutrition, major causes of malnutrition, Diagnosis and different step of diagnosis, Treatment types and Prevention are very important. There should be a balanced intake of carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, and minerals, as well as plenty of fluids, and especially water. People with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, alcoholism, and other health issues will receive appropriate treatment for their condition. In the light of above study, it is concluded that the maximum problems of different disease and death are created in million to the youth of world particularly the children under the age of 5 years due to malnutrition and malnourished. It is therefore proposed that the government as well as the parents should take the responsibility to provide the enough food with complete balance of essential nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamin, mineral etc to control the different disease as well as the death of the youth of the world like South Asia particularly in Pakistan.